Periodontal Diagnosis

What Is a Periodontal Diagnosis?

A periodontal diagnosis is a careful examination of your gums and the supporting structures around your teeth. At Essex Dental Arts, we include this exam as part of every regular dental check-up because early detection of gum disease makes treatment simpler and more effective.

How We Diagnose Periodontal Disease

During your periodontal examination, we use a small dental instrument called a periodontal probe to gently measure the sulcus—the space between your tooth and gums. In healthy gums, this pocket measures three millimeters or less and does not bleed.

If pockets measure deeper than three millimeters, it may indicate periodontal disease. As gum disease progresses, these pockets typically get deeper, creating spaces where bacteria can accumulate and cause further damage.

We also assess:

• Amount of bleeding when we probe
• Inflammation and tenderness of gum tissue
• Tooth mobility or looseness
• Overall gum health and appearance

---

The Three Stages of Periodontal Disease

Based on our findings, we'll determine which stage of gum disease, if any, is present:

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the earliest stage of periodontal disease. Plaque and its toxin by-products irritate the gums, making them tender, inflamed, and likely to bleed during brushing or flossing. The good news? Gingivitis is reversible with proper care.

Periodontitis

At this stage, plaque has hardened into calculus (tartar). As calculus and plaque continue to build up, the gums begin to recede from the teeth. Deeper pockets form between the gums and teeth and become filled with bacteria and pus. The gums become very irritated, inflamed, and bleed easily. Slight to moderate bone loss may be present.

Advanced Periodontitis

The teeth lose more support as the gums, bone, and periodontal ligament continue to be destroyed. Unless treated, the affected teeth will become very loose and may be lost. Generalized moderate to severe bone loss may be present at this stage.

---

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

Catching gum disease early means we can often reverse the damage with non-surgical treatments. The longer periodontal disease goes undetected, the more complex and costly treatment becomes. Regular periodontal examinations help us protect not just your gums, but your overall oral health and the longevity of your natural teeth.